{"id":22797,"date":"2025-07-08T14:20:24","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T18:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thespanishmedia.com\/?p=22797"},"modified":"2025-07-08T14:20:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T18:20:24","slug":"el-tratado-de-ottawa-en-riesgo-ucrania-y-otros-cinco-paises-europeos-se-retiran-del-pacto-que-prohibe-las-minas-terrestres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thespanishmedia.com\/fr\/el-tratado-de-ottawa-en-riesgo-ucrania-y-otros-cinco-paises-europeos-se-retiran-del-pacto-que-prohibe-las-minas-terrestres\/","title":{"rendered":"El Tratado de Ottawa en riesgo: Ucrania y otros cinco pa\u00edses europeos se retiran del pacto que proh\u00edbe las minas terrestres"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Tratado de Ottawa, piedra angular del desarme humanitario global desde 1997, enfrenta su mayor amenaza hasta la fecha. Seis pa\u00edses europeos (Ucrania, Finlandia, Polonia, Estonia, Letonia y Lituania) han anunciado su retiro del acuerdo, en una decisi\u00f3n que ha generado preocupaci\u00f3n internacional y ha sido calificada de \u201cgrave\u201d por expertos y diplom\u00e1ticos, incluido el exministro canadiense de Asuntos Exteriores Lloyd Axworthy, figura clave en la creaci\u00f3n del tratado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La decisi\u00f3n de abandonar el pacto, formalmente llamado Convenci\u00f3n sobre la Prohibici\u00f3n del Empleo, Almacenamiento, Producci\u00f3n y Transferencia de Minas Antipersonal y sobre su Destrucci\u00f3n, se produce en el contexto de la guerra entre Ucrania y Rusia, donde el uso masivo de minas terrestres ha marcado el conflicto desde 2022. Aunque el tratado ha sido ratificado por m\u00e1s de 160 pa\u00edses, incluidos estos seis ahora salientes, la agresi\u00f3n rusa ha empujado a algunos de ellos a reconsiderar su compromiso, especialmente aquellos que comparten frontera con Rusia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cEn este momento, Ucrania se est\u00e1 convirtiendo, sin lugar a dudas, en la parte m\u00e1s corrupta del mundo en t\u00e9rminos de la cantidad de minas terrestres plantadas, ciertamente por Rusia y por la propia Ucrania\u201d, afirm\u00f3 Axworthy en una entrevista con CTVNews.ca, desde Ottawa. A sus 85 a\u00f1os, el exministro lamenta que \u201cla decisi\u00f3n de Zelenski de retirarse del tratado es grave\u201d, y advierte que podr\u00eda desencadenar una ola de renuncias adicionales que debiliten el r\u00e9gimen internacional de control de armas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Una amenaza persistente para los civiles<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las minas antipersonal pueden permanecer activas durante d\u00e9cadas, incluso hasta un siglo, lo que representa un peligro mortal para la poblaci\u00f3n civil mucho tiempo despu\u00e9s de terminados los conflictos. \u201cEl problema con las minas terrestres es que no son s\u00f3lo un riesgo a corto plazo: una mina terrestre puede permanecer ah\u00ed durante 75, 80 o 100 a\u00f1os\u201d, subray\u00f3 Axworthy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las recientes decisiones de estos pa\u00edses han sido interpretadas como respuestas a las realidades estrat\u00e9gicas impuestas por la guerra. Si bien Rusia no es parte del tratado y ha desplegado minas a gran escala en Ucrania, Kiev, que hab\u00eda ratificado el tratado en 2005, tambi\u00e9n ha recurrido a su uso. Esto ha generado severas cr\u00edticas por parte de organizaciones humanitarias, como Mines Action Canada, que calific\u00f3 las minas como \u201carmas indiscriminadas del siglo XX\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El impacto humanitario de las minas terrestres es devastador y duradero. Regiones como Irak, Afganist\u00e1n y Camboya a\u00fan enfrentan v\u00edctimas a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de finalizadas sus guerras. Pese a los esfuerzos de pa\u00edses como Alemania, Jap\u00f3n, Noruega y Canad\u00e1, que han invertido millones en el desminado, el riesgo persiste en zonas altamente contaminadas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Un retroceso en el liderazgo canadiense<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Tratado de Ottawa fue considerado durante a\u00f1os un hito diplom\u00e1tico de Canad\u00e1, y una muestra de su liderazgo en desarme humanitario. Aunque pa\u00edses como Estados Unidos nunca firmaron el tratado, bajo la administraci\u00f3n de Bill Clinton hubo compromisos de cumplimiento parcial y apoyo al desminado. Sin embargo, esa postura cambi\u00f3 con el gobierno de Joe Biden, que en 2024 autoriz\u00f3 el env\u00edo de minas terrestres a Ucrania, marcando un giro significativo. El posterior desmantelamiento de la USAID bajo el gobierno de Trump ha dificultado a\u00fan m\u00e1s los esfuerzos internacionales para la limpieza de zonas contaminadas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Campa\u00f1a Internacional para la Prohibici\u00f3n de las Minas Terrestres, de la cual forma parte Mines Action Canada y que fue galardonada con el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1997, ha pedido a la comunidad internacional renovar su compromiso con el desarme humanitario. Mientras tanto, los expertos temen que la tendencia actual conduzca a un mundo m\u00e1s inseguro, donde las v\u00edctimas civiles seguir\u00e1n pagando el precio por d\u00e9cadas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Redacci\u00f3n de: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karen Rodr\u00edguez A.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El Tratado de Ottawa, piedra angular del desarme humanitario global desde 1997, enfrenta su mayor amenaza hasta la fecha. Seis pa\u00edses europeos (Ucrania, Finlandia, Polonia, Estonia, Letonia y Lituania) han anunciado su retiro del acuerdo, en una decisi\u00f3n que ha generado preocupaci\u00f3n internacional y ha sido calificada de \u201cgrave\u201d por expertos y diplom\u00e1ticos, incluido el [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_glsr_average":0,"_glsr_ranking":0,"_glsr_reviews":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[8093,691,293,140,8094,8095,923,8096,1296,698],"class_list":["post-22797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mundo","tag-cooperacion-europea","tag-crisisinternacional","tag-derechoshumanos","tag-geopolitica","tag-prevenciondeminas","tag-prohibiciondeminas","tag-seguridadglobal","tag-tratadodeottawa","tag-desarme","tag-ucrania"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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